Moon Gods and Goddesses in Mythology across Cultures Essay

Moon Gods and Goddesses in Mythology across Cultures - Essay Example The different mythologies that have focused their worship feelings on the moon include Aboriginal mythology (Daramulum), Ainu mythology (Chup-Kamui), Akkadian mythology (Enzu, Sin), Arabian mythology (Illat, Hilal, Hubal, Sin, Ta'lab, Wadd), Aztec mythology (Coyolxauhqui, Metztli, Tecciztecatl), Babylonian mythology (Sin), Basque mythology (Ilazki), Cahuilla mythology (Menily), Canaanite mythology (Jarih, Nikkal), Celtic mythology (Gntia, Lair bln), Chibcha mythology (Chia, Chie), Chinese mythology(Chang'e or Heng O. – unlike in other cultures, in Chinese mythology moon represent the place where fairies and immortals live), Dahomean mythology (Gleti), Elamite mythology (Napir), Egyptian mythology (Chons, Thoth), Etruscan mythology (Losna), Greek mythology (Artemis, Hecate, Phoebe, Selene ), Hattic mythology (Kaskuh), Hindu mythology (Anumati, Chandra, Nandi, Prajapati, Ramachandra, Shiva, Soma, a famous Indian devotee Mira use to cry a lot seeing the moon since it reminded her about Krishna/God), Hurrian mythology (Kusuh), Incan mythology (Coniraya, Ka-Ata-Killa , Mama Quilla), Indonesian mythology (Dewi Shri, Silewe Nazarate), Inuit mythology (Alignak, Igaluk, Tarquiup Inua), Japanese mythology (Marishi-Ten, Tsuku-yomi), Kachin mythology (Shitta), Latvian mythology (Meness), Mandjindja mythology (Kidili), Maya mythology (Ahau-Kin, Ixbalanque, Ixchel, Itzamna), Mochican mythology (Si), Navaho mythology (Yolkai Estasan), Norse mythology (Brunhild, Mani), Orokolo mythology (Papare), Pagan rituals in Medieval Italy (Madonna Oriente), Palmarene mythology (Aglibol), Pawnee mythology (Pah), Persian mythology (Mah, Mao), Philippine mythology (Mayari), Phoenician mythology (Nikkal), Phrygian mythology (Men), Polynesian mythology (Avatea, Fati, Ina, Hina-Kega, Hina-Uri, Lona, Mahina, Marama, Sina, Ul), Pygmy mythology (Arebati), Roman mythology (Diana, Luna), Semitic mythology (Terah), Seran mythology (Dapie), Slavic mythology (Myesyats), Sumerian mythology (Nanna, Ningal), Sumu mythology (Ud), Thracian mythology (Bendis), Tupinamba mythology (Ari), Ugaritic mythology (Nikkal), Urartian mythology (Selardi), Vodun (Kalfu). Greek mythology is a valuable collection of narratives of Greek God, Goddesses, heroes, and heroines (Kerenyi, 1951). In the Greek mythology, Selene or Lunar was an ancient lunar deity, and was sometimes described as Artemis. Titans Hyperion and Theia are the parents of Selene. Helios, the sun is the brother of Selene. Eos, the Goddess of dawn is the sister of Selene. The journey of Selene begins when the earth turns dark at night. The story tells that Eos carried off a human lover Cephalus (Burkert, 1985). The story also narrates that Selene loved a shepherd, or otherwise named Endymion. The man was so handsome that Selene asked Zeus to make him immortal so that they won't ever depart. Endymion made a decision to live forever in sleep. Thus, Selene and Endymion had fifty daughters. The story adds that Selene and Zeus had a daughter called Pandia (full moon). Hecate, originally a Goddess of the wilderness and childbirth is today seen as a Goddess of witchcraft. She had her connotations as a Goddess of sorcery and played the role of Queen of Ghosts. The title, Queen of Ghosts with Hecate has its in-depth association with the then prevalent belief that she can prevent the occurrence of harm

Nathan Songs of Silence Essay Example for Free

Nathan Songs of Silence Essay The chapters of Songs of Silence hold together as a chorus of songs from one community, but shaped by the recollections of a narrator whose perspective ranges from the innocence of childhood to the maturity of a young adult who emerges unbroken from a failed relationship. One such chapters is ‘Nathan’ and here the narrator is the reflective adult with a sophisticated notion of the wide range if meanings ‘silence’ holds. Through the character of Nation she is able to present some aspects of this theme, which runs throughout the text in many different ways. Nathan acts strategically without words, but with potent meaning – revenge (poking Tony’s eye). Silence is a characteristic feature of Nathan’s personality, which is deep and profound even though he uses few words. The absence of words can mask/hide a great deal (still waters run deep). Nathan’s deep and profound silence was evident even from his birth and the close connection he had with his sister, the narrator – ‘†¦soulmates, welded together by our common need for silence.’ They both started speaking late. However, her silence was different from his – ‘he was a man of dark blue silences,’ while hers ‘hers was a silence of moons.’ Here the narrator suggests that contrary to the saying ‘silence means consent’, silence does not always mean ‘consent’ or agreement nor are all silent people to be treated the same. The ‘manna manna manna mahkita’ game establishes the communication between the narrator and Nathan. It has unspoken personal meaning for them and suggests that its ritual is saturated with almost religious or spiritual significance. It shows that codes of communication which may appear insignificant or meaningless to others looking on, may be a way of expressing connections that (known) words cannot express. The different silences of the siblings allow them to explore, define and find their own authentic selves in their own ways. (E.g. The narrator and the ants, Nathan and his tightfistedness with money). Silence, like money, can express identity.

Consumers Behaviour Shaped By The Media Advertising Media Essay

Consumers Behaviour Shaped By The Media Advertising Media Essay The mass media in todays society has shape the way we act, think and react to certain outcomes in our lives. It has such an impact on the choices we make and the choices that are available for us to make, that we sometimes dont even know its there. This often creates an awareness of the roles and attitudes we are expected to react to through commercialism. Advertising is the art of convincing people to spend money they dont have for something they dont need (Rogers, 2004 ) and these desires of wanting these certain products are largely the results made by the mass media. Perhaps, marketers should look at a different way of targeting consumers without having to mould their minds in such a way that has changed our uniqueness as an individual living in todays global world. Consumer behaviour is often described as the way we make decisions in purchasing specific products. Factors such as economic, demographic, psychological and social influences have played a major role in influencing our behaviour as consumers (Quester McCarthy, 2001). However, as we go into depth, the long term consequences of commercialism are much more serious than we imagine. So are we to blame the firms and organisations for manipulating our minds as consumers? Or are we too fragile to resist such temptation. According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), consumer behaviour is defined as the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behaviour, and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives (American Marketing Association 2006). While another definition has defined consumer behaviour as The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society (Hawkins, Best, Convey Koch, 2004). So we ask, is this definition still effective in this scenario, especially when our attitudes and perceptions are being tampered with? Some people feel that they are not affected by advertising, but they are. The media not only advertises directly, but they also try to appeal to people on an unconscious level Its harder to persuade them when theyre thinking (The Ad and the Ego, 1997) shows just how manipulative the media can be. For example, in 2001 the tobacco industry tried persuading its customers by using terms such as light to mislead smokers into believing that those brands are safer. They also made it seem like smoking is a part of everyday life. In many ads that promote tobacco, smoking is introduced as a natural part of having a good time. This as a result encourages consumer into supporting tobacco companies by purchasing their light cigarettes. Advertising is the means by which goods or services are promoted to the public (Petley, 2003). The advertisers goal is to increase sales of these goods or services by drawing peoples attention to them and showing them in a favourable light (Petley, 2003). According to (Arens in Ayanwale, Alimi and Ayanbimipe, 2005), the mission of advertiser is to reach prospective customers and influence their awareness, attitudes and buying behaviour. They spend a lot of money to keep individuals interested in their products. To succeed, they need to understand what makes potential customers behave the way they do. Advertising is a marketing function, and Kotler (in Bokor, Werner and Richardsson; 2004) claims that advertising can have a number of different, possible objectives. One objective can be to inform customers about new product or a price change, while another objective can be to persuade. In this sense advertising is a phenomenon that aims to persuade or influence people (Bjurstrà ¶m, 199 4). Most of the critics today believe that the use of commercialism has dramatically changed the way consumers behave and the way they carry out their lifestyle. Looking at the examples present in todays society, its possible to say that these theories may be pretty accurate. For example, Advertisers often emphasize sexuality and the importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products. They often emphasise thinness as a standard for female beauty, and the bodies idealized in the media are frequently atypical of normal, healthy women. You are continually competing with everyone around you to be noticed, to be seen, to be admired, to be successful. Ads urge us to become what we behold. It is advertising which defines physical beauty for women. Modern advertising conditions women to strive for an unattainable standard of beauty all in the service of selling products. Women frequently compare their bodies to those they see around them, and researchers have found that exposur e to idealized body images lowers womens satisfaction with their own attractiveness (Magazine Models Impact Girls Desire to Lose Weight, Press Release, 2008). As a result, the depiction of thin models has adversely impacted womens body image, which has led to unhealthy behaviour as women and girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media. Advertising images have also set unrealistic ideals for males, and men and boys are beginning to risk their health to achieve the well-built media standard. Advertising that pushes people to be small and eat large supports eating disorder thinking and behaviour. The continual onslaught of emaciation, body surgery, and diet publicity actually convinces many people that the lifestyle being portrayed is normal. Such media portrayal validates starvation, cutting behaviors and binge and purge cycles. Plus, this portrayal can delay recovery work. If a person with an eating disorder is subjected to a barrage of images and messages celebrating the symptoms of her illness, she may believe she is living well and wisely and will not seek treatment. This is a cultural phenomenon that is tragic. It contributes to people taking pride in their illness, proselytizing eating disorders, destroying their health, ruining relationships and, in far too many cases, shortening their lives. So do advertisers see such an impact theyve done to consumers? The main objective of advertising is to convince the consumer to behave in a certain manner which is most favourable for the advertiser. It may influence the consumer in different ways, because the advertiser spends an enormous amount of money to sell his product in the most creative and persuasive manner possible. Before 1900 advertising was mostly informational. Ads described products and appealed to consumers logic and judgement. World War I and the 1920s saw advertising shift from text to more emotional and image-centered modes. Advertising became less about products and more about the emotional and social lives of the people buying the products. The growing industrial economy dictated that not only goods but also markets for goods needed to be mass-produced. Soon, advertisements began to promote anxiety, discomfort, and inadequacy among the population. Youre not OK the way you are, You need help. You need salvation Ads generate anxiety and doubts making us feel uncomfortable in our skins. This we call the production of discontent (Hawkins, Best, Convey Koch, 2004). Advertising sells more than products, it sells values, images, concepts, and above all, normalcy it tells us who we are and who we should be. Advertising teaches us above all to be consumers. It teaches us that happiness can be bought, that there are instant solutions to lifes complex problems, and that products can fulfil us and meets our deepest human needs. We live in a consumer culture, saturated with mass media images. Much of our physical, informational, and cultural space is for sale billboards, TV, magazines, newspapers, even the area behind home plate. All of these spaces pitch products promising to improve our lives. We are all, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, affected by this advertising, often in very subtle ways. Whats important is not our experience of any one ad but that of living in an advertising environment which repeats certain messages again and again. We dont see it very well because we re-surrounded by it all the time. Like Richard Pollay (in Pollay, W; 1979) explains that just as a fish dont think about the sea, we dont think much about ads because we are surrounded by this ad environment from birth to death. He argues that one of educations goals ought to be to get the fish to think about the water. In order to understand modern society, he concludes, advertising is the best place to look. Humans are meaning-making creatures, always wondering who i am? and why do things work the way they do? After a century of experience, advertisers understand the power of symbolism and strive to discover symbols that make people react in predictable ways. Advertisers try to create stimuli to make individuals salivate if you can grab people their emotions, you can get them to follow. We have a cultural disposition to believe what we see. The human brain processes images and words differently. What we reflect on, consider, and even argue with logical appeals built on words, but we dont talk back to images. Advertisers realize that people are more easily influences by images than words. Seeing advertisements on the television, billboards or hearing them on our favourite radio stations has become a part of our daily lives whether we like it or not. Being exposed to numerous advertisements do affect our behaviour in some way what so ever. As a consumer myself, I strongly believe that advertising has a detrimental effect to peoples behaviour in many ways. We tend to follow our primary instincts and forget the real values in life. By acting on our insecurity and self-consciousness advertising makes us more inclined to products we are once happy with. We covet and envy our friends. We become greedy and are never satisfy with what we have. Advertising has created consumerism which affects our ability to communicate with each other. Most people nowadays prefer sharing their thoughts through electronic mail or latest cell phones than personal contacts. We have definitely become more distant from one another and consumerism is probably the main cause of this social alienatio n. On the other hand, while advertising have a negative impact on our personality it may also have a positive impact on economy. The fewer commercials we see, the less amount of money we spend. For a large company and its competitors, advertising has become the only way of introducing products to the customers and for us sometimes it is the only way to learn about what they sell. One of the main indicators of a healthy and strong economy is the money flow or how much money is spent, in other words how much money advertising has succeeded to get out of our pockets. This results in low unemployment rate and increase in our standards of living. Despite the fact that advertising will be thriving on our weaknesses in the years to come, we should try not to become slaves to material things and do our best to retain core values which after all distinguish us as human beings.

Eleanor Of Aquitaine Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor was one of three grandchildren born from the dishonest relationship between William IX of Aquitaine and Dangereuse, wife of the viscount of Chà ¢tellerault. William IX had stolen Dangereuse from the viscount, and even though the two could not officially marry, they had allowed their oldest children to marry each other. Dangereuse’s oldest daughter Aenor had married William IX’s oldest son, William X. They had three children, two daughters, Eleanor and Petronilla, and a son, William Aigret. Of the three, Eleanor was unique in that she resembled her grandparents more than she did her parents. She had the same traits of an iron will, gaiety, restlessness, and intelligence possessed by her grandparents. These are the trains which will help her become the queen of two nations in medieval Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor of Aquitaine has been a very influential person in medieval Europe. Though her name and accomplishments are not universally recognized, they were nevertheless important in shaping Europe into the continent today. She had been born into wealth, and it had never left her side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor had been married to King Louis VII of France, which was when she had received her first taste of great powers. However, after several years of debilitating problems, the marriage had obviously come to its end. Eleanor had requested an annulment from the church so that she and Louis VII would still remain r...

Communicating with multimedia Essay

Audience (who is it aimed at? Age? Gender? Profession? Etc) This website is aimed at teenagers between the ages of 13-19 and young women between the ages of 20-30 years of age. This website is aimed at ladies between the ages of 14-30 years of age. Purpose (what message are they trying to put across to the audience?) The purpose of their website is to attract both teenagers and young women to buy their latest trends at very keen prices. The purpose of their website is to make the target audience aware of their location, where you are able to get more information about the store and about what they have to offer. What media components are used (e.g. text, pictures, sound, and video?) This website uses text to explain what new look is about and pictures to show users what latest trends are available in their stores. This website uses the media components of text where they make the audience aware of where to find them and what they are all about. Intended impact on audience e.g. to inform, to shock to amuse? Their intended impact on their target audience through the website is to inform their users what they specialise in, the fact that new look is a nationwide company and that their latest trends is available at unbelievable prices. Their intended impact on the target audience is to inform their users of their store locations in different places, their card and certain career options which are available in their store. Tactics used e.g. use of stereotype images to appeal to certain age groups The tactics which New Look uses is that they have more pictures on what they have to offer which attracts the users to what they have in terms of latest trends. Krisp doesn’t really use that many tactics, but only uses text to explain to the target user where the store is and what it has to offer. Is there enough information given? Is it too much or too little or just right? The information which is available on their website is just enough informing their users of basic facts about their stores in the UK. There is very little information about what the store has to offer to the user in terms of fashionable trends and the prices which they are at. Is there enough time to take in the message or is there too much or too little time? E.g. is the speed of the video, slideshow etc too, fast or too slow There is plenty of time for the user to take in the information because once you click on a hyperlink which you wish to go to the in formation stays there so it doesn’t appear or disappear so the users have enough time to take the information in. There is a lot of time for the target user to take in the message in which the website is trying to put across although there is a lot of information to take in. Therefore I would say that the time for the users to take in this message is just about enough. User Interaction. How easy is it for the user to choose where they want to go i.e. from one section to another? It is very easy for the users to be able to interact with their website because they have hyperlinks which inform the users of where they wish to go in the website. It is very easy for the user to link from one page to another, so there are able to find out about the different sections by clicking the big hyperlinks provided by the side of the website. Appearance of the screen. What sorts of backgrounds are used? What colours are used? Is there too much text or too many graphics? How could the layout be improved? The colours which are used for the background of their website are black, pink and white; there is not a lot of text but many more graphics. I think that they should have bolder colours for their website in order to attract more of their target audience and use up a little more space for text instead of leaving wide spaces. The colours in which the website uses for the background is a combination of turquoise, white and blue, I would suggest bolder colours to the background of the website to keep the users interested, also I would suggest a lot more graphics and pictures to inform the target audience of the latest fashion they have in stock and what they look like. Are there any user instructions in the presentation? Do they work well? Could they be made clearer? There are no specific user instructions for the user therefore the user is free to use the website in the way they would wish to use it. There are no user instructions as to how they are able to interact with the website, because they are able to do this freely, as they would wish to interact with the website. Do you think the presentation is effective i.e. does it put its message across clearly and in a way that the viewer will remember? Explain why. I think that the presentation is effective in putting their message across because their target audience seem to keep going back because of their latest trends and in terms of what they have to offer their target audience. I don’t think the presentation is that effective, because the message that they put across to the target audience is not clear, it only gives information as to where the stores are locations and how you are able to contact them about finding out more. I think there should be a lot more information about the stores fashion trends and how they are able to get hold of them. Do you think that one of the presentations is more effective than the other? Explain why. (Remember to take into account who the presentation is aimed at.) The presentation which is most effective to their target audience is New Look because they have a lot more pictures and graphics which show the users what they have to offer and all of their latest fashion trends. Whereas the other presentation doesn’t have any graphics or pictures at all, and this isn’t guaranteed to keep the target audience interested in the presentation. Problem Statement. An age group of 14 – 16 years olds are interested in Information Communication Technology and finding out what it all entails. They are particularly interested to know how a computer operates and the different areas which help them to find out more about this. Design Brief. For this project I have been asked to present a multimedia presentation which is targeted at an age group of 14 – 16 year olds. Concerning this certain age group I will present this presentation in an interesting and sensible way in which the appropriate language technique is used. Specification. This multimedia presentation will be aimed at both male and female students aged between 14 – 16 years. The media in which I intend on using includes pictures and text, in order to explain each section of the presentation through written text and diagrams. I also intend to use sound to attract the target audience to this multimedia presentation. Background For the background of the slides, I plan to have the same coloured background for all of the slides produced in order to make it clear the each slide follows on from the previous slide. I also plan on using a coloured background which stands out, so that people are intrigued by the slides and want to know more about each slide. Colour I will use a combination of a few colours in order for the target audience to be attracted to the slides and to keep the users interested in the slides. Pictures I plan to use clipart pictures so that the presentation keeps the intended user interested in the presentation, also so that I am able to show simply how they are useful in the presentation. Sound I intend to include sound on the presentation but not too much so that the intended user doesn’t get distracted by the background sound. I intend to keep it simple on the subject matter of the presentation using the sound for the interaction of the buttons. Interactivity I will use action buttons on the presentation to allow the user to move backwards and forwards throughout the presentation. Evaluation. I have produced a multimedia presentation based on the subject matter of Information Communication Technology. It is aimed at 14-16 year olds, and uses the most suitable media components including text, pictures, diagrams and sound. The multimedia presentation consists of eleven pages which all have one purpose in the presentation. The first slide is the one in which introduces what the subject matter is about, with a clipart picture and a hyperlink to link the target user to where they are able to find out more about I.C.T. The next slide is an introduction slide stating clearly what I.C.T. about, why it is important and how it can be of usefulness to people in everyday life. The third slide explains how the structure of a computer operates, and you can understand how this works. The fourth, fifth and sixth slides and about input devices, what they do and how we can get access to them with clipart pictures showing you what they look like. Also the seventh, eighth and ninth slides are about Output devices how they operate what they do and clipart pictures to follow these explanations. The tenth and eleventh slides are about where we can store information and the types of different disks which help us store information on and pictures to follow this also. In this multimedia presentation the target users are also able to navigate the slides by using the action buttons provided at the bottom of the slides to link from on slide to another. There is also background sound on each of the slides to amuse the target audience, and to keep them interested in the multimedia presentation. I think that I could improve this multimedia presentation by changing the colour of the background of each slide to make them stand out. However before deciding on what I may be able to improve I plan on getting feedback from the target audience and testing the presentation on them to see what they think and if necessary make any improvements that need to be made. Questionnaire. 1. Did you enjoy the subject matter of the presentation? Yes No 2. How did the layout of the presentation appealed to users? Good Satisfactory Not good 3. What did you think about the colour of the background of the presentation? Good O.K. No good 4. Did you think the language was appropriate for 14 -16 year olds? Yes No 5. Was there too little information? Yes No 6. Were there enough images in the presentation? Yes No 7. How where the sound effects on the presentation? Loud O.K. Faint 8. Was the presentation easy to navigate? Yes No 9. Do you think that the presentation furthered your knowledge and understanding of the presentation on the whole? Yes No Thank you for your time and patience. Changes made to presentation from feedback. Backup folder of Unit 5: Communicating with Multimedia.

Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example

Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Analyse different ways in which you would establish ground rules with your learners, which underpin behaviour and respect for others. How I would establish ground rules for learners would depend on age and experience of the learning group. I would expect an older and more experienced group of learners to be more mature and establish ground rules based on how they would expect people to behave in a group-learning environment, for example a popular mantra is â€Å"treat others how you would expect to be treat yourself†. Ground rules provides a structure for people who may be nervous about returning to an educational environment, as they know what to expect and what is expected from them. Treating the group as adults, and respecting their opinions would be a personal ground rule. However, some ground rules may need flexibility. For example, learners with vocal Tourette syndrome would be excused from using industrial language during outbursts. As a teacher, I would ask the group to contribute to the rules. This can be used following an ice breaking session, allowing the students to grow within the group by providing their thoughts, and discussing some rules which may not be as popular as others. This, according to Gravells, in â€Å"Preparing to teach in the lifelong learning sector† (2008) is believed to be one of the best ways of establishing the rules, and preventing future class disruption. If any rule were not unanimous, a vote amongst the learning group would decide on inclusion or omission. Unfortunately, some rules will be forced upon the group, e. g. health and safety, and these should be made known prior to the ground rule discussion, so the group can consider them. Another would be punctuality. This is important as disruption from one group member could taint the learning environment for all.

What Is the Density of Water By Temperature and Unit

What Is the Density of Water By Temperature and Unit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the density of water? Does it matter what the temperature is? How can you figure out the density of other objects and liquids? In this guide we explain water density, provide a chart you can use to find the density of water at different temperatures, and explain three different ways to calculate density. What Is the Density of Water? Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. The density of water is most given as 1 g/cm3, but below is the density of water with different units. Unit Water Density Density of water g/cm3 1 g/cm3 Density of water g/mL 1 g/mL Density of water kg/m3 1000 kg/m3 Density of water lb/ft3 62.4 lbs/ft3 It’s no coincidence that water has a density of 1. Density is mass divided by volume (Ï =m/v), and water was used as the basis for establishing the metric unit of mass, which means a cubic centimeter (1cm3) of water weighs one gram (1g). So, 1g/1cm3 = 1 g/cm3, giving water its easy-to-remember density. However, water’s exact density depends on both the air pressure and the temperature of the area. These variations in density are very slight though, so unless you need to know very exact calculations or the experiment takes place in an area with an extreme temperature/pressure, you can continue to use 1 g/cm3 for water density. You can look at the chart in the next section to see how water’s density changes with temperature. Note that these water density values are only true for pure water. Saltwater (like the oceans) has a different density which depends on how much salt is dissolved in the water. Seawater density is typically slightly higher than the density of pure water, about 1.02g/cm3 to 1.03g/cm3. Water Density at Different Temperatures Below is a chart that shows the density of water (in grams/cm3) at different temperatures, ranging from below water’s freezing point (-22 °F/-30 °C) to its boiling point (212 °F/100 °C). As you can see in the chart, water only has an exact density of 1 g/cm3 at 39.2 °F or 4.0 °C. Once you get below water’s freezing point (32 °F/0 °C), the density of water decreases because ice is less dense than water. This is why ice floats on top of water and, when you put ice cubes in a glass of water, they don’t just sink straight to the bottom. The chart also shows that, for the range of temperatures typical for indoor science labs (about 50 °F/10 °C to 70 °F/21 °C), the density of water is very close to 1 g/cm3, which is why that value is used in all but the most exact density calculations. It’s not until the temperature is very extreme in one direction or another (close to freezing or boiling), that the temperature of water changes enough that 1 g/cm3 would no longer be acceptably accurate. Temperature ( °F/ °C) Density of Water (grams/cm3) -22 °/-30 ° 0.98385 -4 °/-20 ° 0.99355 14 °/-10 ° 0.99817 32 °/0 ° 0.99987 39.2 °/4.0 ° 1.00000 40 °/4.4 ° 0.99999 50 °/10 ° 0.99975 60 °/15.6 ° 0.99907 70 °/21 ° 0.99802 80 °/26.7 ° 0.99669 90 °/32.2 ° 0.99510 100 °/37.8 ° 0.99318 120 °/48.9 ° 0.98870 140 °/60 ° 0.98338 160 °/71.1 ° 0.97729 180 °/82.2 ° 0.97056 200 °/93.3 ° 0.96333 212 °/100 ° 0.95865 Source: USGS How to Calculate the Density of a Substance So know you know what the density of water is at different temperatures, but what if you want to find the density of something that isn't water? It's actually pretty easy to do! You can find the density of any substance by dividing its mass by its volume. The formula for density is: Ï =m/v, with density represented by the symbol Ï  (pronounced "rho"). There are three main ways to calculate density, depending on whether you’re trying to find the density of a regularly-shaped object, an irregular object, or a liquid, and if you have any special tools like a hydrometer. Calculating the Density of a Regular Object For regular objects (those whose faces are standard polygons, such as squares, rectangles, triangles, etc.) you can calculate mass and volume fairly easily. The mass of an object is simply how much it weighs, and all regular polygons have an equation for determining their volume based on their length, width, and height. For example, say you have a rectangular piece of aluminum that weighs 865g and has measurements of 10cm x 8cm x 4cm. First you’d find the volume of the piece of aluminum by multiplying the length, width, and height (which is the equation for volume of a rectangle). V = 10cm x 8cm x 4cm = 320 cm3 Next, you divide the mass by the volume to get density (Ï =m/v). 865g/320cm3 = 2.7g/cm3 So the density of aluminum is 2.7g/cm3, and this is true for any piece of (pure and solid) aluminum, no matter what its size is. Calculating the Density of a Liquid or Irregular Object If the object has an irregular shape and you can't easily calculate its volume, you can find its volume by placing it in a graduated cylinder filled with water and measuring the volume of water it displaces. Archimedes' Principle states that an object displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own volume. Once you have found the volume, you'd use the standard Ï =m/v equation. So if you had a different, irregular piece of aluminum that weighed 550g and displaced 204mL of water in a graduated cylinder, then your equation would be Ï  = 550g/204mL = 2.7g/mL. If the substance you’re trying to find the density of is a liquid, you can simply pour the liquid into the graduated cylinder and see what its volume is, then calculate density from there. Calculating the Density of a Liquid With a Hydrometer If you’re trying to calculate the density of a liquid, you also can do so by using an instrument known as a hydrometer. A hydrometer looks like a thermometer with a large bulb at one end to make it float. To use one, you simply gently lower the hydrometer into the liquid until the hydrometer is floating on its own. Find which part of the hydrometer is right at the surface of the liquid and read the number on the side of the hydrometer. That’ll be the density. Hydrometers float lower in less dense liquids and higher in more dense liquids. Summary: What Is the Density of Water? Water density is typically rounded to 1 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3, unless you are doing very exact calculations or conducting an experiment in extreme temperatures. Water’s density changes depending on the temperature, so if you’re doing an experiment close to or past water’s boiling or freezing point, you’ll need to use a different value to take into account the change in density. Both steam and ice are less dense than water. The equation for density is Ï =m/v. In order to measure the density of a substance, you can calculate a regularly-shaped object’s volume and proceed from there, measure the volume of a liquid or how much liquid an irregular object displaces in a graduated cylinder, or use a hydrometer to measure the density of a liquid. What's Next? Now that you know why water's density is unique, but what about its other characteristics? Find out why the specific heat of water is special. Looking for other physics-related topics? We'll teach you how to calculate acceleration with these three essential formulas and give you two simple examples of the law of conservation of mass. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you studying clouds in your science class? Get help identifying the different types of clouds with our expert guide. Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you.

Jakia Brow4 Essays - Social Information Processing, Proposal, Sales

Jakia Brow4 Essays - Social Information Processing, Proposal, Sales Jakia Brown Bus 3100 Dr. April Anderson 22 April 2018 Exercise 11-6 In general, it would be important for the most experienced member of a department to have final approval of the content for the department's wiki. Since that individual will most likely be held responsible for the project that results from the wiki, he or she should ensure that it contributes to a positive image of the organization, at large. At the same time, careless use of this authority can defeat the purpose of the wiki by discouraging participation by others. When it comes to the final approval of the online content of the department's wiki, the most experienced member of the department should be considered to approve the content for online publication. The experienced person processes the knowledge as to what should be presented in the wiki that suits the company's credibility and goodwill. Exercise 11-7 A line chart is the recommended visual. A line chart is commonly used to show trends over time or the relationship between two variables. In line charts that show trends, the vertical, or y, axis shows the amount, and the horizontal, or x, axis shows the time or other quantity that is being measured. Business documents visuals are intergraded with text, so the readers can move back and forth between text and visuals . Successful integration involves four decisions: maintaining a balance between visuals in the text, referring to visuals in the text, placing the visuals in a document, and writing titles and other descriptions. Exercise 11-8 If the company receives a solicited formal outlining to a particular problem , it is not ethical for the company to adopt the proposal's recommendations without hiring the firm. This is because the company which submits the proposal must research properly and analyze the competitors of their clients in the market and authenticate that the proposal is workable, attractive and error free. The proposed solution must be in the form of a work plan with schedule as well as the information of its implementation . It must also include information, as well as the firm's qualification and the breakdown of its project cost which must be further done with a lot of effort. So, all there is only possible when the hired firm makes the right effort by collecting all the information from the market and then with its expertise and experience tries to make it better. Exercise 11-9 Yes, an executive summary is a persuasive message. An executive summary or synopsis is a brief overview of a reports important points, designed to give readers a quick preview of the reports contents. It is a concise representation of an entire report. A summary can be informative or descriptive. They are intended for readers who lack the time to study the text. The fact that executive summarizes a larger document makes it persuasive in that nature.

Parenting Styles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting Styles - Research Paper Example 11). The excitement that accompanies parenthood makes it incomparable to any other events or experiences in life. Regardless of one’s levels of frustrations in life, children and parenting will always be a source of indefinite love, making it important that one appreciates every opportunity at parenthood. Parenting gives parents not only the opportunity to possess powers over their children but also makes them possess hitherto unachieved levels of tolerance and self-esteem. In this regard, parenting makes one realize and recognize his/her abilities in ways never imaged or thought before. For instance, one may come to appreciate his/her abilities to shape and influences other peoples’ lives through parenting (Brooks, 2011 P. 3). Executing parental duties is therefore a privilege that one should enjoy and it is for the above reasons that I would become a parent. Although parents have quite a number of duties and responsibilities as far as bringing up their children is concerned, some of the parental duties are more crucial to the life a child than others are. One such parenting job is to train the children to be obedient to the society by breaking them of their wills. It is not the role of a parent to please a child by allowing the child’s will to prevail. Instead, a parent should train his/her child to follow the will not only of the parent but also of the authorities and society. Allowing a child to follow his/her wish and resolve only results in disobedience. Parents should therefore instill in their children, the excellence of obedience and how it pleases the parent, community, the government, and God to be obedient (Brooks, 2011 P. 8). The other crucial job for parents is to keep their children as far away from evil company as possible. In fact, bad company is one of the most undoing dangers to children in the modern society, bo th at home and at school. Parents

The Impact of Online Selling on Small Businesses Essay - 1

The Impact of Online Selling on Small Businesses - Essay Example The paper tells that selling products on the Internet is just another method, in fact, one of the most modern means through which an entrepreneur can utilize the facilities of the Internet in his business. Apart from using it as a selling tool, the wide range of capabilities of the Internet can be made use of customer support, marketing, recruitment, procurement, communication, and for many other functions. Indeed, today there is hardly any business activity in this modern world that does not pass across the Internet. In the opinion of Adam, the most exciting function of the Internet these days is E-commerce and Online selling, where the provider uses the Internet as an intermediary to sell his products and services directly to the consumers in the global market. Online selling is expected to have a greater boom in the global village as the responsive audience is growing by millions every year. It is the process whereby customers are facilitated with the technology to directly buy go ods and services from a seller in real-time, over the internet without any intermediary service in between. While considering the benefits of online selling many seem to disagree that online shopping will affect the percentage of retail sales in the future, arguing that only a small percentage of online selling will only obscure the market potentials. However, as Adam points out, concentrating on this idea a little deeper reveals that even if the Internet sales constitute only 5 percent of total retail within a few years, that still amounts billions and billions of dollars spent on online selling. As more and more organizations and customers are making the use of the internet to collect information before they make the final decision and to purchase online, it is certain that all business firms must have a web presence. Leaving the online selling, if the firm is not existing on the Internet, it does not exist. Another advantage of the small business that uses online marketing is tha t they have the ability to sell a wide variety of products due to â€Å"infinite shelf space†. Afuah also comments that online stores can easily make a higher proportion of their income out of the low-volume items rather than traditional stores, a trend called as the long tail effect. It makes possible for the firm to reach new markets and new customers. On the other hand, buyers can search for information to decide their final purchase and compare the products to see which offer sounds adequate to him/her. Small business organizations, especially in the developing countries have the advantage of diminishing the costs of a search for information as well as costs of the transaction. It broadens the effectiveness of transactions by reducing the time taken for processing, payments and other functions. As Gingrich points out, a small business is highly benefited by information provided about customers and markets together with the valuable details of product design, financial res ources, and process technology. The widespread use of internet and its functions have changed the way the customers as well as the firms acquire information and operate their business.

Shange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shange - Essay Example This is why Shan’ge was originally associated with agricultural work. The folk songs were always sung when people were working in the fields. This gave them morale to work harder (Titon 372). More importantly, the older societies like the jiu shehui sung the folk songs all through multifamily labor exchanges. This was principally during, hoeing, as well as, weeding corn, and a time they were sung while transplanting the rice shoots. The songs provided comfort for the workers. Additionally, the songs provided rhythm for the work, since some of the songs had counting off aspects which enable the farmers to have a certain rhythm while working. In history, the folksongs have also served a great deal in politics. This is especially in the 1910s and 1920s since they instilled solidarity and also helped in disseminating messages. This is because, by using familiar tunes, they were able to convey new words to the local people. Today, Shan’ge provides a window on historical experience and interaction of the people with the outside world. Despite the fact they are not as common as they were in ancient China, they play a huge role in enhancing heritage. Film music has impacted Chinese popular music in many ways. It is evident that the Chinese music provides the audience with utmost precedence to its melody (Titon 408). China is a country with a strong respect towards its forebears and ancestry and the film industry has enabled the people to uphold these aspects. It is therefore probable to find the film music of this kind of time still popular and known. For instance, the dragon dance and music is extremely familiar in the movie industry until today. There is an eminent root of film music in China. This is different from all other countries where the film music has no existing motifs or excerpts in the traditional aspects. This was not the case with China because the original music compositions emerging in films are growing till today. Popular music has grown intensively in china. Popular music started in the shidaiqu field and it was founded by Li Jinhui in China mainland. This popular music was highly influenced by Western jazz m usicians such as Buck Clayton. This was immediately after the implementation of the Communist Party. The popular music flourished greatly in Baak Doi, China where a record company was established. Cantopop was also influenced and this was in Hong Kong. Pop music in mainland China had been banned because it promoted unethical values which were against the communism values. However, the genre was revived in mainland China immediately after Deng Xiao Ping’s marketing reform. This is has influenced China's music diversity pop music combined with classical music. This is just like majority modern nations in the present day. Consequently China has grown to be one of the biggest producers of diverse music types while maintaining their traditional values (Titon 407-409). This is a traditional Chinese type of music and it utilizes the following instruments: daluo, bangu, tonngu, dabo and suona among others. Additionally, it is characterized by the following qualities. The music is sun g without reference to the notation by the musicians transferring it to the ensemble’s double-reed instrument. The melody is converted to vocal melody using grace notes. The music also has syllables that are compressed to feature into the percussion patterns (Titon 592). Beiguan musicians strive to consider each other as well as being inclusive in their performance activities. This is because of the fact that they usually see themselves as members of the same community association. The male members call each other

Wabashiki river report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wabashiki river report - Essay Example The materials required for testing in the field included a pencil or pen, notebook, sunscreen, bug repellant, water bottle, field appropriate clothing, weather appropriate clothing and closed shoes for walking in the dumpy area. The sampling strategies used in the field involved stratified random sample where the test objects were categorized into groups and various test conducted on them. The test conducted on the different soils types were aimed at determining the presence of gases like nitrogen and other minerals like potassium and phosphorus in the soil. These samples were taken from different areas like Taken at the top of a hill on the path near the parking lot. Closest to the parking lot, Further down the hill that sample one was taken, down the levi path. Halfway between the parking lot and sharp bend in the path and down past the storm drains on the levi near where the storm drains empty. Moreover, the bottles were used to carry other samples which were tested in the classro om using laboratory apparatus. The results obtained from determining the soil color, soil texture and the acidity or alkalinity of the soil were as follows; the soils texture of the samples tested revealed that the soil was sandy clay because of the sizes of particles of the samples. This sample was collected in an area which was surrounded by trees, small rocks and old grass. The second sample revealed that the soil was clay loam as the soil color value was three. There was presence of soil color and soil chroma, moreover, the Ph was seven. This sample was taken from the lake side and its characteristics were sandy and small rocks. Silty Clay was discovered to posses soil pH between three to four, contained minerals like phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium value at pH value of seven. The experiment proved successful as I established the soil texture, soil Ph, soil acidity

35 Years for Wikileaks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

35 Years for Wikileaks - Essay Example Hence, the prosecution awarded him a severe punishment of imprisonment, perhaps the longest period of confinement. Analyzing this punishment to a soldier in uniform is an inspiration and lesson for every military officer. Although it is an American issue, the impact of this incident on other countries cannot be ignored. The given punishment clearly indicates the importance of maintaining the secrets military activities. Thus, the other nations also understand how cruel and unethical activities were carried out by the US military. It also paves a way to protest against such operations as they cannot justify and defend their heinous act of murdering. Moreover, it points out the world about an insecure life of a soldier from every corner. This type of punishment and activities by the court martial can make man critical minded. Firstly, how could an individual like Bradley Manning in military is offered with all details of military activities? Does it reveal the weakness of military system in preserving documents and information? Secondly, is it a drama being played to reveal the power of the military to scare rival nations about the aftermaths of their illegal activities? Lastly, if such kinds of activities are undertaken what is expected in the future? Would the nest generation be fortunate to know what harmony is? Simpson, I & Roshan, M. (Aug 21, 2013). U.S. soldier Manning gets 35 years for passing documents to WikiLeaks. Reuters. Retrieved from

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females Dissertation

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females - Dissertation Example Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact women’s body image† – [Online] Available at: www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] â€Å"For centuries individuals or societies have used clothes and another body adornment as a form of nonverbal communication to indicate occupation, rank, gender, sexual availability, locality, class, and wealth and group affiliation. Fashion is a form of free speech. It not only embraces clothing but also accessories, jewelry, hairstyles, beauty, and body art. What we wear and how and when we wear it, provides others with the shorthand to subtly read the surface of a social situation.† -[Online] Available at www.fashion-ersociology_semiotics.com [Accessed February 2011] With the peer pressure of being socially accepted in different environments, fashion is even more so an issue with the younger generation of females. Research has shown that 70% of women who regularly read fashion magazines consider them t o be an important source of beauty and fitness information. -[Online] Available at www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] In a study carried out by Peck and Loken in 2004, entitled â€Å"When will larger-sized female models in advertisements are viewed positively?† It was stated that a quarter of those that were analyzed, were women that reported they did have a strong interest in imitating fashion models, hence there seems to be a disconnect between the images used by fashion advertisers and the impact on female consumers. As consumers, we are always being bombarded with fashion in many different ways. The newest look or the trendiest color is constantly in our faces by many different methods- if it is not by billboard it is by magazine, television and even on the foods that we eat, Influences even come from music that we listen to with music videos. Fashion is everywhere and it is something we can’t get away from. â€Å"Fashion style is important. Your clot hes make your fashion statement, and how you're perceived. Stand straight and carry yourself with grace. You will radiate self-confidence.† -[Online] Available at www.zinearticles.com [Accessed March 2011] However, the way in which advertisers of fashion clothing portray young females in their advertising, does not necessarily seem to correspond with the way that young females want to be viewed. Rational/Usefulness of the project The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and determine whether fashion advertising uses relevant imagery to have an impact on young females today.  Thus the research will try and provide advertisers of fashion clothing with a deeper insight and helpful observations into understanding their audience, their young female customers. Overview of the role of female imagery in fashion advertising †¦ Research Objectives The main aim of the project is to try and prove whether there is or there is not a disconnect between how advertisers advertise fash ion to females. The focus will be on an audience of 18-25-year-old female students at London South Bank University that are fashion conscious.

Wabashiki river report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wabashiki river report - Essay Example The materials required for testing in the field included a pencil or pen, notebook, sunscreen, bug repellant, water bottle, field appropriate clothing, weather appropriate clothing and closed shoes for walking in the dumpy area. The sampling strategies used in the field involved stratified random sample where the test objects were categorized into groups and various test conducted on them. The test conducted on the different soils types were aimed at determining the presence of gases like nitrogen and other minerals like potassium and phosphorus in the soil. These samples were taken from different areas like Taken at the top of a hill on the path near the parking lot. Closest to the parking lot, Further down the hill that sample one was taken, down the levi path. Halfway between the parking lot and sharp bend in the path and down past the storm drains on the levi near where the storm drains empty. Moreover, the bottles were used to carry other samples which were tested in the classro om using laboratory apparatus. The results obtained from determining the soil color, soil texture and the acidity or alkalinity of the soil were as follows; the soils texture of the samples tested revealed that the soil was sandy clay because of the sizes of particles of the samples. This sample was collected in an area which was surrounded by trees, small rocks and old grass. The second sample revealed that the soil was clay loam as the soil color value was three. There was presence of soil color and soil chroma, moreover, the Ph was seven. This sample was taken from the lake side and its characteristics were sandy and small rocks. Silty Clay was discovered to posses soil pH between three to four, contained minerals like phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium value at pH value of seven. The experiment proved successful as I established the soil texture, soil Ph, soil acidity

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females Dissertation

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females - Dissertation Example Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact women’s body image† – [Online] Available at: www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] â€Å"For centuries individuals or societies have used clothes and another body adornment as a form of nonverbal communication to indicate occupation, rank, gender, sexual availability, locality, class, and wealth and group affiliation. Fashion is a form of free speech. It not only embraces clothing but also accessories, jewelry, hairstyles, beauty, and body art. What we wear and how and when we wear it, provides others with the shorthand to subtly read the surface of a social situation.† -[Online] Available at www.fashion-ersociology_semiotics.com [Accessed February 2011] With the peer pressure of being socially accepted in different environments, fashion is even more so an issue with the younger generation of females. Research has shown that 70% of women who regularly read fashion magazines consider them t o be an important source of beauty and fitness information. -[Online] Available at www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] In a study carried out by Peck and Loken in 2004, entitled â€Å"When will larger-sized female models in advertisements are viewed positively?† It was stated that a quarter of those that were analyzed, were women that reported they did have a strong interest in imitating fashion models, hence there seems to be a disconnect between the images used by fashion advertisers and the impact on female consumers. As consumers, we are always being bombarded with fashion in many different ways. The newest look or the trendiest color is constantly in our faces by many different methods- if it is not by billboard it is by magazine, television and even on the foods that we eat, Influences even come from music that we listen to with music videos. Fashion is everywhere and it is something we can’t get away from. â€Å"Fashion style is important. Your clot hes make your fashion statement, and how you're perceived. Stand straight and carry yourself with grace. You will radiate self-confidence.† -[Online] Available at www.zinearticles.com [Accessed March 2011] However, the way in which advertisers of fashion clothing portray young females in their advertising, does not necessarily seem to correspond with the way that young females want to be viewed. Rational/Usefulness of the project The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and determine whether fashion advertising uses relevant imagery to have an impact on young females today.  Thus the research will try and provide advertisers of fashion clothing with a deeper insight and helpful observations into understanding their audience, their young female customers. Overview of the role of female imagery in fashion advertising †¦ Research Objectives The main aim of the project is to try and prove whether there is or there is not a disconnect between how advertisers advertise fash ion to females. The focus will be on an audience of 18-25-year-old female students at London South Bank University that are fashion conscious.

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay William Golding’s Lord of the Flies follows the tale of a group of boys stranded on an isolated desert island, after their plane crashed. It takes place during an unspecified nuclear war; which was a major threat post WWII. Throughout the book Golding explores how a difficult situation can transform middle class English boys into having a much more savage nature, as well as splitting the ‘good’, from the ‘bad’. By the end of chapter 1, Ralph and Piggy have already formed some sort of order, and by the time Jack and his choir are introduced, Ralph is already being looked up to by the other boys; especially the younger ones, or â€Å"littluns†. Jack appears, and instantly attempts to take over Ralph’s role and enforce his power by ordering his choir about as though he should be chief. The choir at first appears orderly and immaculately dressed, soon after this they are addressed as ‘hunters’, and due to the heat strip down their uniform, which causes them to look much less civilised. This also happens with the other boys in their school uniforms. The transformation of the choir marks a significant loss of order from the boys former lives. This could also symbolise the first step in a slow change towards savagery on the island and influence the behaviour of others. Soon after the arrival on the island a clear hierarchy is visible with leaders such as Ralph and Jack on top closely followed by Simon and the other â€Å"bigguns† with â€Å"littluns† and Piggy being at the bottom; having to accept insults and jeers from the other children, especially Jack, who seems to house a special hatred for piggy from chapter one. Near the beginning of the book Ralph and Piggy find a Conch horn near the platform where they have their meetings. The â€Å"conch† as it is then refered to, is a major aspect in the rest of the book as it brings all the kids together, (â€Å"we can use it to call the others! ). The conch could also be seen as a symbol of power and a link back to authority and their families; it is very unlikely that the other kids would look up to ralph without the conch, â€Å"and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. † Shortly after finding the conch horn and prenouncing Ralph as chief, Jack, Simon and Ralph, decide to go on an expedition up the mountain, which will play a major part later in the book, as it is where they have several meetings, maintain the fire and cook. In chapter 2, the idea of ‘the beastie’ is introduced, by an unknown ‘littlun’. Not only does this idea scare him, but also all of the other smaller kids, and to a point , the ‘biguns’ as well. This symbolises, not only to us, but the kids as well, that the island might not be all good, and they might not only be having fun as they thought they would. Other subtle words and phrases used, such as â€Å"harsh cry† may also be a sign of events to come. The fact that the unknown boy who died in the forest fire would have been a massive shock to all of them. Not only is it the shock of someone actually dieing, but it is also the antipode of what they are used to, being safe at home. It might also slam the realization that they are in fact stranded. In the beginning of chapter 3, Jack’s â€Å"obsession† with hunting is clearly apparent, right from the start. It describes him like an animal, â€Å"Jack was bent double†¦ His nose only a few inches from the humid earth†¦ bolting and nearly mad† However, like in the first chapter with the pig, he is still unable to kill. This is probably on of the most frustrating aspects for Jack, whereas Ralph and Simon think from an entirely different angle, with the fact that they should build shelters and find fresh water, rather than eat meat. In chapter 4, Jack manages to don a mask which allows him to behave in a much more animalistic way, finally allowing him to kill; however it is also a massive step towards total savagery. Towards this point in the book, all of the kids are starting to behave in a much more savage manner. Jack’s change in behaviour comes from the first killing of the pig which engulfs the entire group and encourages them into savage behaviour. By painting their faces, they are able to kill and perform awful acts which they would have never considered doing at home due to feeling like different people. With the masks, and the change of personality that it brings, they also behave much more aggressively, â€Å"Kill the Pig! Bash her in! Slit her throat! † Even to the reader, this seems totally crazy and disrespecting of life. Jack especially changes his behaviour out of all of them. After the first kill, it’s obvious that all of his frustration is let go and the taboo of killing is lifted; he also acts a lot more aggressively, even without the addition of the mask. As in the beginning of the book, when they were planning to build shelters and houses, they now plan to kill a pig every day, even they were lucky to find one, and it took seven of them to catch it. Jack’s evolving hatred towards Piggy is probably due to the fact that Jack is such a different character to Piggy so he might not be used to Piggy’s personality and this could unsettle him. Jack could also possibly be jealous of Piggy’s intellect. They also have very different methods of problem solving and survival. Jack is more brute force whereas Piggy is more strategic. Jack is also very used to being in charge as it was what he was taught in the choir. As in chapter 1, when he thought that he should be chief and Piggy saw through Jack and saw the possible evil which lurked within. Overall, Jack’s statement may have had some credential towards the beginning of the book, but towards the later chapters, both reader and character see that it is becoming increasingly difficult to retain order and a basic civilization due to the way that all of the kids behave. This reinforces Golding’s idea that there is a savage element in all of us.

Data Locations and Security Issues in Cloud Computing

Data Locations and Security Issues in Cloud Computing ANURAG JAIN   JITENDRA TAWARI   SANDEEP SONI ABSTRACT-: Cloud computing is one of todays most important technology because in this technology cost low, exciting and flexible. It is the most important technology of growing industrial areas. It allows user to access applications, documents etc., that consist location of our own computer or other Internet-connected devices. Data is stored remotely from a location.it can be stored in any location. Within the fast growing of cloud computing technology, Data security becomes more and more important. Cloud Computing offers many benefits to the enterprise there are also many issues as with any new technology. One of the main issues relates to the secure and positive result of customer data in terms of its location, relocation, availability and security .The aim is to provide some useful information and security issues for organizations preparing to migrate to the Cloud to take advantage of this computing technology. In this research paper we have proposedan encryption algorithm to solve data loca tion security issues. Keywords-:cloud computing, security of data ,data location, internet, data privacy, encryption algorithm. Introduction cloud computingrises upthe fieldinanIT. Itsattributedto operation forward as employment up to the information to the cloud based hardware and system .In a cloud computing data are transferred betweenthe clientand the server .now a day cloud computing recently technology because can store and retrieve the data on the cloud by using remote technology .Its providing the software platform and framework as a utility. Today all the it companystoreshis data on the cloud .thisfacility given by the cloud provider or cloud owner .so here is require to defend that data against illegal access and changing .security issue of datacontainsthreepoints.Thesepointsare integrity ,availability and secrecy. secrecy of the data by the using ofcryptography. in a moderndaycryptography is very famous technique. Data cryptography used to hide of the data in the form of image ,sound, text, video .during the transmission hackers cant access the our data because he will get only unreadable and meaningless. the cloud assures low price saving and given the high speed to user. the cloud technology a company quickly expand application where growth and contraction of the basic technology part can be obtained with the high and low of the trade .it can be gotten with the help of cloud supporter. such as Virtualization and grid computing, that permit application dynamically expand on the proper infrastructure. security service of the cloud -there are some type of service of the cloud to solve the security issue .these service are storage as a service (saas),software as a service(saas),platform as a service (paas),infrastructure as a service(iaas). (A)storage as A service- the cloud computingallowsa huge space that is probably infinite, and it’s ascending day by day .storage as a service authorizea cloud applicationto measurer besides bound service. Cloud computing technologyis requiredto obtain various needsfor hold the user data and information , add high capacity , stability operation. In this service the user areresponsibleto own data and hold their storage as a cloud trader proposal them the option of storing their data in the cloud .the user can access the data whenever hewants.due to the hostile character of  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­the need of the cloud , no one method implement all in all. (B)software as a service (saas):-software as service is very famous technology. this technology also referred as software offered on requirement . its depends on multi-tenant design. software like that customer relation organization .the benefit of SaaS technique that the apps are locally run on your computer . user access can any application by using the cloud technology that user can never own from any browser .the saas technique support his user to increasing application day by day .with the help of saas technology user create and upload own data on the cloud .globally uploading data any one can access . c. platform as a service:- we are developed the software by tools and libraries given by the cloud. the user manage the software operation and design location. services offered through (PaaS) help the operation of applications exclusive of the cost and complication of buying and organization the basic hardware and software. PaaS services also contain enhancing the application life cycle processes similar to application design, application development, testing and deployment. It provides an communicate with high level of combination. That is largely in arrange to execute and analysis cloud applications. The user does not manage the overall communications but he control deployed applications and their configurations. Infrastructure as a Service(iaas) IaaS is a general which an organization outsources the equipment used to maintenance operations such as storage, hardware device, servers and networking components. The service provider keeps the equipment and is answerable for housing, running and maintaining . The customer typically pays on a . Features and modules of IaaS include: Efficacy computing service and billing model. Computerization of organizational tasks. Forceful scaling. Desktop virtualization. Policy-based services. Internet connectivity. Security issues:- Companies are fast moving onto cloud computing because they can currently usage the greatest resources present on the market in the flash of an eye and also decrease their actions’ cost radically. But as more and more information is moved to the cloud computing the security concerns have on-going to develop. (1). Data breaking is the major security issue. A trained hacker Cando simply and get into a client cross application and get into the client’s private data. (2). the Wasteful and damaged APIs and boundaries convert easy targets. IT companies that offer cloud services allow third party companies to modify the APIs and familiarize their personal functionality which in drive permits these companies to understand the internal workings of the cloud. (3). the Denial of Service (DoS) is also a main danger wherein the user is fixed partial or no access to his/her data. Companies now use cloud 24/7 and DoS can source huge increase in cost both for the user and facility provider. (4).the Connection eavesdropping means that a hacker can scan your online activities and replicate/replay a particular communication to catch into your private data. It can also central to the user to prohibited or uninvited sites (5).Data loss also is a new issue. A malicious hacker can wash out the data or some usual/man-made adversity can wipe out your data. In such cases having an offline copy is a big benefit. negligence of the service provider also able to direct data loss. (6). Compatibility between different cloud services is as well an issue. If a client decide to shift from one .cloud to one more the compatibility ensures that here is no loss of data. (7). Cloud also can be used in wrong purposes i.e. cloud exploitation. Due to the accessibility of most recent technologies on the cloud it can be used for high end calculations which cannot be complete on a normal computer. (8). Insufficient considerate of cloud technologies can guide to unidentified levels of risk. Companies transfer to cloud because it provides significant reduction in cost but if transfer is complete without proper background knowledge, the problems that happen can be still greater. (9). Insider theft in the appearance of a present or previous employee, a service provider, etc who is capable to use the data for harmful purposes. (10). Safe storage of encryption keys as well a problem. still if you are using encryption for improved security, safe maintenance of the key becomes an issue. Who should be the holder of the key? client seems to be alive the response but how diligent and careful can he/she be will choose the security of the data. The other aspects about the cloud security categorize of different type of threats about the cloud security are following Access The plan of cloud technology to offer information to the customer from several position whenever user wants. because a web technology cloud service enables the customer to access his data from wherever he want .its is valid to all the services being given by it. all the user should know that where data is stored. at the any condition client can request to server to delete his data after that the data should be deleted. command the cloud technology controlling of data is very necessary because if we will not control our data then the other user can access our data. so the controlling of data is able to be seen to a few member of the cloud service provider .this data is defies the stage of control. fulfilment: the authorities of the we have to need a law of govern to protection of data on the cloud because cloud service can cross several jurisdictions approximately the all world. if any user store his data in other country and its contain sensitive data .this data only whose person which have a authorities to access the data and some set of laws apply on the data . Data reliability: Data reliability in easy terms means that the data is protected and no one change the data without the uses agreement .this is a basic need of cloud computing .the reliability of data in a cloud is a very impertinent in a present there are many algorithm design to protection of data. inspection: with the help of inspection we can check the activities occurrence on the cloud. inspection is a mechanism that keep a log and list actions to help stop infringement. Privacy Breaches: The cloud service supplier should report to its client about any violate in security. The client has to the correct to know what is incident in his/her space. How does the service provider take care of this. secrecy: This ensures that the client data is kept secret. privacy is one feature of cloud storage security that will lift question in a ordinary users mind. Cloud as such is a public system and is susceptible to new threats, therefore, privacy is very important. planned work in this paper we have planned a structure .with the help of this planned structure we involve a file which is involved securing of data files through file encryption technique. the file whose presentation on the computer will be encrypted technique based on AES algorithm. if user wants to read this file then before the user download the uploaded encrypted after that he can read it. there are many benefit of AES algorithm . in this algorithm we are using an encryption key used by AES algorithm .the order of this algorithm is 128,192 and 256 bits AES algorithm is also a lot quicker than the RSA. Thus, its superior option for safety of data on the cloud . in an AES algorithm. the proposed system works only when an internet connection accessible. (1) file upload there are some steps for the file upload process are clarified in the block. (a) take on the user name or password from user If the user is genuine then connect with the cloud. else show the Certification error. (b) the first user asks to pick file to be uploaded on a cloud . (C) ask the password from user for the encryption . (D) sure the password and make a key from this password. (E interpolate the encryption algorithm . (F) Upload an file on to the cloud. (G) ask the user if he wants to delete the file which is uploaded. delete the user selected file (F) after that connection disconnect with the cloud. stage-1 we have to first check that the user is authentic or not . and after that system will accept the user name or password. if the user name or password is valid the system will be accepted else the username or password and not match the system show error message. stage-2 in a second stage we will check the cloud is stable because the file uploading in this section. The user will upload the file. which is he wanting. stage-3 in this stage the user ask the password for encryption process The user is optional to use long passphrases as their passwords. This password is used for creation of a key. stage-4 this stage is a very important for the system. in this stage generated a key for the encryption technique. we are using AES is a symmetric key algorithm .this key used for encryption or description technology. in this technology generated a key for password to a generated function. We suggest the use of Password Based Key Generation Function. Password Based Key generation Function uses iterations for a password to default checking. this process is called a key exertion. in this stage the system saves the password which is entered once and create a key for encryption. stage-5 in this stage we are applying Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm . the Advance Encryption Standard algorithm is useful to the simple text to make the secret message text. as a result the user can be rest secure the data protected from the a variety of threats the uploaded is data is encrypted which can be decrypted when the user enters the password which he entered for the period of the encryption process. stage-6 when the secret message text is created then upload the encrypted file on the cloud and concerned with the removal of the real simple text file from the memory. The option is given by the user to delete the unique file which is uploaded on the cloud. if the user dont want to delete this file the he has a second option retaining the unique file. We suggest that the unique file should be removed. This ensures that no illegal right to use will be built up to the simple text file stored in the system. The method of file upload can be shown in bellow: successful uploaded delete original file upload encryption file user encrypted file (2) download file there are some stage of file download process describe in this part. Stage 1 The identity of the user is validation process have in this stage and the collection of files that the user has uploaded on the cloud . The user is ask to choose any one of the files from the record. stage2- the user is asked for the password during the encryption of the file justification . entered password is complete in another stage. The secret message text file uploaded when the decrypted process will completed by the user and downloaded. the same password entered during the encryption. this is only motive that the password save for the duration of encryption process so the store password is valid. AES algorithm is a symmetric key algorithm so, it wants the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data. This procedure possible only if the same password is entered into the key creator job to make the key. stage 3- the means of the generated key, the AES algorithm to decrypt the uploaded secret message text. stage 4 the user Save this decrypted simple text in the user system memory. stage 5 the user is asked if he needs to remove the secret message text file uploaded on the cloud. If the user chooses to perform, remove the encrypted file from the file. the user does not desire to download any additional files from the cloud, log out of the user account and after that cut off the recognized link with the cloud. This is the very last stage of the download process. (A) we first Accept user name and password from the user If user is genuine set up connection through the cloud Else, show verification error (B). Ask user to pick file to be downloaded (C) the user ask to enter a password used for the decryption procedure (d) verify the legality of this password If the entered password is valid, the key is generated. Else. show the error message and refuse password (D) relate the decryption algorithm (E) Download the file commencing the cloud (F) the user ask if he wish for to delete the uploaded encrypted data file . Delete the file from the cloud which is encrypted. if user selects the delete choice (G) and cut off connection through the cloud . CONCLUSION Cloud computing is an puzzle anyone can get lost in. But separate like any new technology. the cloud computing is also a double enclosed stop. On one end lies the ability of fast technology, a huge array of applications to use, superficially infinite storage ability. On the other end story various security threats which develop with collective spaces such as break of privacy, impeding of data reliability and non-availability of data. In this paper, we have projected a structure which encrypts a file before it is uploaded on to the cloud. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is one of the most secure encryption measures and not many attacks are successful on data which is encrypted using AES. This application solves the problem of most, if not all. the threats that data kept in the cloud faces. We have framework also suggest the use of login id and password to ensure reliable and official access to a user’s data. Thus, if we used securely, cloud computing offers a user with wonderful profits and overcomes its only disadvantage of security threat.

Kindred :: essays research papers

Kindred Writing Activity The fire, page 36: â€Å"I could literally smell his sweat, hear every ragged breath, every cry, every cut of the whip. I could see his body jerking, convulsing, straining against the rope as his screaming went on and on. My stomach heaved, and I had to force myself to stay where I was and keep quiet.Why didn’t they stop!† In the middle of the night, four white men storm into a cabin in the woods while four others wait outside. The cabin belongs to Alice and her mom. The four men pull out Alice’s father along with her mom, both are naked. Alice manages to scramble away. The men question Alice’s father about a pass, which allows him to visit his wife. Her father tries to explain the men about the loss of the pass but the men do not pay any attention to him. Instead they tie him to a tree and one of the white man starts to whip him for visiting his wife without the permission of Tom Weylin, the â€Å"owner† of Alice’s father. Tom Weylin forbid him to see his wife, he ordered him to choose a new wife at the plantation, so he could own their children. Since Alice’s mother is a free woman, her babies would be free as well and would be save from slavery. But her freedom â€Å"status† does not stop one of the patroller to punch her in the face and cause her to collaps e to the ground. Meanwhile, you can hear the noise of the whip clutching against the back of Alice’s father. He forces himself to stay quiet under this unbelievable pain and humiliation in front of his family. His face shows the pain and he is sweating but still no sound, until he breaks down and starts to beg for forgiveness. After a while, the white man who happens to be a patroller stops whipping him and with the help of the other patrollers he unties him from the tree and turns him around and ties his hands in front of him.

Boadicea Essay -- essays research papers

Boadicea was she a powerful ruler, or a merciless general? Many questions arise when you begin to explore her accomplishments or many would even say failures. Most of the information on Boadicea has been derived from myths and most of what is written about her is from the words of her Roman enemies. During the creation and rule of the Roman Empire, Rome would constantly be aiming to take over the entire known world. Consequently Boadicea and her people of Britannia clashed. Julius Caesar was the first to take over Britain; he forced 6 powerful barbarian tribes to become a part of the Roman Empire. Iceni was amongst them, which happened to be the tribe of the famous Boadicea and her husband Prasutagus. However, Caesar and his army left that same year because they found the conditions too cold. Later in 43 AD Claudius Nero came into power. A man who was both cruel and pitiless, in his lifetime he managed to not only kill both his wives, his brother, and his mother but was known to go around the streets at night killing random men. Nero who wanted so badly to earn the respect of his Roman citizens decided to retake Britain. Boadicea was born into aristocracy in the year 30 AD she then married the ruler of the Iceni tribe. She had two daughters during their marriage. When the Roman army invaded her city her husband Prasutagus agreed to leave all his accumulated wealth to the Roman Emperor. Prasutagus did this in the hope that his country would be taken in piece but Nero did no...

Original Writing – Snowdrops

I will never forget the day when Miss Webster was going to show us the snowdrops growing in the little three- cornered garden outside the school keeper's house, where we weren't allowed to go. All through that winter, I remember Miss Webster saying, that the snowdrops had been asleep under the ground, but then they were up, and growing in the garden. I remember a frank speaking with Garath. He was telling me how he had imagined the snowdrops, but all he could imagine was one flake of the falling snow, bitterly frail and white, and nothing like a flower. I recall that morning being very cold. I remember leaning against the kitchen table, I remember because I had put my brother, Geraint, who was three at the time, in the armchair in front of the fireplace. That morning my mum realised the time and began to shout, â€Å"Hurry up or you'll never get to school.† God rest her soul, she only past away a year ago. I remember I replied â€Å"Miss Webster is going to show is the snowdrops today!† I was so excited. My mum just looked at me and smiled, the rest is a bit fuzzy. But I do remember my mother wondering where my father was, and suddenly he entered the room. My father was a big man; every time he entered the room he filled the room with bigness. He stood in front of the fire because it was cold in the yard, and all I could see was a faint light each side of my father's wide body. I remember this next moment vividly, my father said, â€Å"it's a cold wind, I can't remember a colder march. My father turned around and faced my mum and I, smiling because I think he had just realised that he was much warmer and the cold March wind was trapped outside the house. â€Å"You're a big boy for six,† he said to me, â€Å"and it's all because you eat your breakfast up.† This was a joke my father always said, and part of it was for me to just look and smile, all the time all I could think about were the snowdrops. Then, I remember thinking that it might be too cold to go and see them. Or perhaps Miss Webster would only take the boys, I confirmed to myself, because we were stronger, and the girls could stay in school out of the cold. â€Å"The Meredith boy is being buried this afternoon† I overheard my father saying to my mother. I don't remember exactly what my father said but I remember my father saying that he couldn't go. And my mother replying, â€Å"How old was he?† â€Å"Twenty,† my father answered. â€Å"Twenty last January, silly little fool. That bike was too powerful for him- well, to go at that speed on wet, dark night.† I'll never forget the anger yet sadness on my fathers face, as he continued to talk to my mother. â€Å"Over seventy, the police said, straight into the back of a stationary truck, a terrible mess.† â€Å"He was a nice looking boy too.† My mother added. â€Å"All the Meredith's' are,† replied my father. â€Å"This one was very friendly with the young teacher up at the school, Webber is it? Something like that.† I remember turning around in shock thinking that it couldn't be Miss Webster or could it? But at that age I didn't really understand, all I could think was if my father was talking about Miss Webster, what did that mean? Then suddenly my mother coughed and looked at me sharply. â€Å"Oh?† said my father, â€Å"of course I should have remembered. Come on, David, or you'll be late.† The next moment is a bit hazy, but all I recall is it being much warmer when I got to school, and Edmund telling me a joke about Europe. I recall not seeing Miss Webster for some time of the morning, so we had to go into Miss Lewis's class. My memory fails me on what happened next, but I do reminisce to Edmund playing a trick on Gerald Davis by tying his shoelaces together. I can recall asking Edmund â€Å"Do you wish that Miss Webster will take us to see the flowers when play is over?† Edmund responded â€Å"I don't care, because I've seen some already growing in my aunt's garden.† The rest of the morning is a blur, except for when I drew a robin. After that I just remember asking Miss Webster â€Å"shall we be going to see the snowdrops this afternoon?† â€Å"Yes†, she replied, â€Å"if Miss Lewis will allow us, we'll go and see them this afternoon.† I bring to mind eating my lunch quietly, while thinking in my head of a story about a wizard who could change himself into anything at all. It was a good story, but something always seemed to happen before I got to the end of it. Sometimes I began it at night in bed, only to fall asleep long before the really exciting part. Now my mother was talking to me. â€Å"Was Miss Webster in school this morning?† she asked me, â€Å"Yes, but she came late. She didn't arrive until playtime.† â€Å"Poor girl,† my mother said as she shook her head. I thought about this for a long time, and then recalled back to earlier that morning. I continued â€Å"She's got a bad hand,† I said. â€Å"She caught her finger in the cupboard door and her hand was bleeding. She's got a bandage on it today, she'll never be able to bend her finger again, and that's what Edmund Jenkins said.† I remember her looking at me and shaking her head while saying â€Å"Oh, you and Edmund Jenkins.† As many of my memories, I only recall a few moments of me running back to school to see the snowdrops. However when I got back there was nobody about, except some girls skipping and giggling just inside the school yard, as I made my way inside the building. Everybody was sitting very quietly inside the classroom. We were allowed to go in early because it was very cold. Normally we would have stayed outside however wet and cold it was, but today it seemed that they all wanted to sit quietly with Miss Webster, close to the cast- iron shove that had the figure of the tortoise on top. At two o'clock Miss Webster marked her register and then began to tell us a story. It was a good story, about a dragon who guarded a hoard of treasure in his den underground, where the snowdrops slept all through the winter. But as time went on, I noticed Miss Webster continually turned around to look at the big clock in the hall. I realised she could see it through the top half of the classroom door, which I distinctly remember having four panes of glass in it. Also her voice seemed to be hoarser than usual, at the time I assumed she had a cold, which was fine when she read the dragon bits, but not good for the knight nor the princess. Unexpectedly, she shut the book with a sharp and stood up; she hadn't even finished the story. And till this day I always wonder how the story ended, but I could never remember the title. She then announced, â€Å"Now we'll go to see the snowdrops† she said. â€Å"I want the girls to go quietly to the cloakroom and put on their coats. When they are ready, I'll come along with the boys, everybody must wear a coat. If you have difficulty with buttons, please stand in front and I'll fasten them for you.† I stood up with a sudden lightning of heart. I had known all the time that Miss Webster would not forget, and at last she was taking me to see the miraculous flowers, pale and fragile as the falling snow. I looked at Miss Webster with pure gratitude. I remember her eyes being as bright as frost, and she was making sure the girls walked nicely through the door. Just as we were about to leave, Edmund Jenkins waved at me and that was funny, because Edmund had his black gloves on with a hole in a place he could push his finger through. Edmund waved his finger like a fat white worm in the middle of his dark hand. We all walked through the playground, in two rows holding hands, and I hold Edmund's hand as we gave a little ship together every three steps. It didn't take long to get to the garden. We all bent down, four at a time, to look at the little clump of snowdrops as Miss Webster told us what to look at. I and Edmund would be last to look. When the other children had finished, the other children went down to the garden gate which opened onto the road. I remember it being a big gate, with iron bars and your head could almost poke through. Somewhere a long way off I could hear men singing. They sang softly, mournfully, the words carried gently on the air over the school wall, but I could not hear what they were singing. â€Å"It's a funeral,† Edmund assured me. â€Å"My father's there and my uncle Jim. It's a boy who was killed on a motorbike.† I nodded. Funerals often passed the school on their way to the cemetery at the top of the valley. All the men wore black suits and they walked slowly. Sometimes they sang. I squatted down to look at the snowdrops. I felt a slow, sad disappointment. I looked around for Miss Webster to explain these simple flowers to me, but she had gone down to the gate and was staring through, looking up the road. Her back was as hard as stone. I turned again to the snowdrops, concentrating, willing them to turn marvellous in front of my eyes. They hung down their four petalled heads in front of me, the white tinged with a minute green, the little green ball sturdily holding the petals, the greyish leaves standing up like miniature spears. I began to see their fragility. I saw them blow in a sudden gust of the cold March wind, shake, and straighten gallantly. I imagined them standing all night in the dark garden, holding bravely to their specks of whiteness. I put out a finger to touch the nearest flower, knowing now what snowdrops were. I lifted my face to tell Miss Webster, but she was standing right at the gate, holding the iron bars with her hands. I could see her shoulders shaking, at that time I didn't realise that Miss Webster wasn't shaking because of the cold, she was shaking because she was scared. *Mor ddedwydd yw y rhai trwy ffydd s'yn mynd o blith y byw†¦* Sang the men as they filed solemnly past the school. I knew it was welsh because of my grandmother, and it was sad and beautiful, at the same time. After a while we couldn't hear the singing anymore, but Miss Webster continued to cry aloud in the midst of the cold March wind. As in her own personal way, she said goodbye to her sweetheart.